配置 GitHub Codespaces 初始环境

我想在 Codespace 里用 ohmyzsh，于是在 GitHub 寻找办法。我真的找到一个，但是直接拿过来用不了，初始化环境时很多错误。经过我多次修改能够使用了，预装了 ohmyzsh 和 nvm，如果你想尝试可以使用我的新仓库模板 tianheg/new-repo-template。

文件结构：

    .devcontainer
    -->devcontainer.json
    -->Dockerfile
    -->setup.sh

devcontainer.json:

    {
      "name": "Codespaces Basic Starter",
      "extensions": [
        "eamodio.gitlens",
        "deibit.devdocs",
        "knisterpeter.vscode-github",
        "github.copilot",
        "oderwat.indent-rainbow",
        "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one",
        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
        "christian-kohler.path-intellisense",
        "alefragnani.project-manager",
        "tds.taptap-vscode-theme",
        "octref.vetur",
        "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons",
        "wakatime.vscode-wakatime",
        "guoruibiao.wordcount",
        "formulahendry.code-runner",
        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
        "github.vscode-pull-request-github",
        "budparr.language-hugo-vscode",
        "ritwickdey.liveserver",
        "eg2.vscode-npm-script",
        "xlthu.pangu-markdown",
        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
        "ms-python.python",
        "stylelint.vscode-stylelint"
      ],
      "dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
      "settings": {
        "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "zsh"
      }
    }

Dockerfile:

    FROM ubuntu:20.04

    WORKDIR /home/

    COPY . .

    ENV SHELL /bin/zsh

    RUN sh ./setup.sh

    RUN echo 'export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"' >> "$HOME/.zshrc"
    RUN echo '\n' >> "$HOME/.zshrc"
    RUN echo '[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm' >> "$HOME/.zshrc"

setup.sh:

    ## update and install some things we should probably have
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y \
      curl \
      git \
      jq \
      sudo \
      zsh \
      autojump

    ## install nvm
    curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash

    ## install oh-my-zsh
    sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
    git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting # install on /root/
    git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions # install on /root/
    curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tianheg/config/main/shell/nodeys.zsh-theme --output ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/nodeys.zsh-theme
    export USERNAME=codespace
    mkdir /home/$USERNAME
    cp -R /root/.oh-my-zsh /home/$USERNAME
    cp /root/.zshrc /home/$USERNAME
    sed -i -e "s/\/root\/.oh-my-zsh/\/home\/$USERNAME\/.oh-my-zsh/g" /home/$USERNAME/.zshrc # select "/root/.oh-my-zsh", replace it with "/home/$USERNAME/.oh-my-zsh"
    chown -R $USER_UID:$USER_GID /home/$USERNAME/.oh-my-zsh /home/$USERNAME/.zshrc
    curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tianheg/config/main/shell/zshrc_codespace --output ~/.zshrc
    sed -i "/# for examples/aif\ test -t l; then\nexec zsh\nfi" ~/.bashrc

上面的代码已经改过多次。每次修改要重新 Rebuild，要花费小 5 分钟时间。如果碰到网络不好的情况，Rebuild 就会失败。

一点一点解决这些小问题也是蛮有意思的。有的是文件夹不存在，有的是文件路径不对，有的是缺少软件，解决的时候不免急躁，因为总是不对，总是报错，很打击我的积极心。但是，在每次出错，我都耐着性子，根据错误日志定位错误，寻找解决办法。在这个过程中，接触了以前没接触的内容：

Dockerfile 的命令规则
练习使用 Linux 指令 sed

也归纳了我的旧知识：

现在安装 Node.js, npm, yarn 只需要安装 nvm 即可。如上述文件中的命令那样，我已经预装了 nvm，安装 Node.js, npm, yarn 只需要以下命令：

    nvm install --lts # install Node.js, npm
    npm install -g yarn # install yarn

两个命令的顺序不能颠倒，因为第一个命令安装的 npm 是第二个命令能够执行的必要条件。

    sed -i "/# for examples/aif\ test -t l; then\nexec zsh\nfi"

上面这个命令是为了改变终端 Shell 的，Ubuntu 20.04 的默认 Shell 是 bash，我想用 zsh，于是需要在 .bashrc 的开头添加如下字样：

    if test -t l; then
    exec zsh
    fi

ref: