• RISC-V

  • Type: Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
  • Open-source: Yes
  • Key Features: Modular, allows custom extensions, simplicity
  • Customization: High; organizations can freely modify the ISA14.

• ARM

  • Type: Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
  • Open-source: No, but licensable
  • Key Features: Energy efficiency, compact designs
  • Customization: Limited by the licensing agreement with ARM34.

• x86

  • Type: Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)
  • Open-source: No, proprietary by Intel and AMD
  • Key Features: Performance, wide range of instructions, complexity
  • Customization: Very limited due to proprietary nature235.

• RISC-V

  • Performance: Currently lower compared to ARM and x86, but has potential due to flexibility and evolving ecosystem
  • Efficiency: Moderate; benefits from RISC principles but lacks the extensive optimization seen in ARM1620.

• ARM

  • Performance: Very good for mobile and embedded applications; newer designs also compete in the server market
  • Efficiency: High; optimized for low power consumption, ideal for battery-powered devices3613.

• x86

  • Performance: Highest, traditionally optimized for peak performance
  • Efficiency: Lower than ARM; higher power consumption due to complex instruction decoding61219.

• RISC-V

  • Applications: Research, custom embedded systems, IoT devices
  • Advantages: Customizability, cost-effective, innovation-friendly14.

• ARM

  • Applications: Mobile devices, embedded systems, some servers, IoT
  • Advantages: Energy efficiency, widespread adoption, reliable performance61321.

• x86

  • Applications: Personal computers, laptops, servers, high-performance computing
  • Advantages: High performance, extensive software support, established market presence2513.

The choice between RISC-V, ARM, and x86 depends on the specific needs of the application:

• RISC-V is ideal for projects needing high customization and cost-effective design.
• ARM excels in energy efficiency and is preferred for mobile and embedded systems.
• x86 is best for applications requiring high performance and extensive software compatibility.

Each ISA offers unique strengths, and the decision should be based on the specific criteria and objectives of the project.

[1] https://www.wevolver.com/article/risc-v-vs-arm [2] https://www.microcontrollertips.com/risc-v-vs-arm-vs-x86-whats-the-difference/ [3] https://emteria.com/blog/arm-vs-x86 [4] https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/will-risc-v-replace-arm-in-embedded-systems [5] https://www.design-reuse-embedded.com/news/202104084/risc-v-vs-arm-vs-x86-ndash-what-39-s-the-difference/ [6] https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-vs-x86-key-differences-explained-568718/ [7] https://blog.paessler.com/risc-v-vs-arm-who-wins [8] https://medium.com/[cite/t:@aditya-sunjava/exploring-the-differences-arm-vs-risc-v-architecture-0f50cb838190] [9] https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/poll-x86-vs-arm-vs-risc-v-what-is-your-favourite-cpu-isa.2617190/ [10] https://www.jocheojeda.com/2024/05/23/understanding-cpu-architectures-arm-vs-x86/ [11] https://www.reddit.com/r/RISCV/comments/11mzbo7/arm_versus_riscv/ [12] https://www.reddit.com/r/RISCV/comments/kd321u/any_reason_for_riscv_or_anything_to_replace_x86/ [13] https://coffeebeans.io/blogs/arm-vs-x86-comparing-architectures-and-their-impact [14] https://picockpit.com/raspberry-pi/arm-vs-risc-v-vs-x86/ [15] https://www.fierceelectronics.com/analog/risc-v-vs-arm-processors-quick-comparison [16] https://www.quora.com/How-does-the-RISC-V-architecture-compare-to-Arm-and-x86-in-terms-of-performance-and-energy-efficiency [17] https://www.candtsolution.com/news_events-detail/what-is-the-difference-between-arm-and-x86/ [18] https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-13483.html [19] https://www.peila.co.il/blog/arm-vs-x86 [20] https://www.icdrex.com/risc-v-vs-arm-which-open-standard-risc-architecture-is-better-for-your-microchip-project/ [21] https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-13513.html [22] https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci/comments/ug1bgy/what_can_x86_do_while_arm_cannot/ [23] https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/ARM-vs-x86 [24] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/risc-v-going-kill-arm-rahul-yadav-yarff [25] https://www.hpcwire.com/2022/11/18/risc-v-is-far-from-being-an-alternative-to-x86-and-arm-in-hpc/ [26] https://www.esper.io/blog/arm-vs-x86-whats-the-difference [27] https://www.criticallink.com/2024/03/arm-vs-risc-v/